The main usages of 1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxane is a kind of Colorless clear liquids, it is also called 1,4-diethyleneoxide. The vapor pressure for 1,4-dioxane is 30 mm Hg at 20 C, the chemical formula of 1,4-dioxane is C4H8O2, and its molecular weight is 88.10 g/mol. It is stable, incompatible with oxidizing agents, oxygen, halogens, reducing agents, moisture. Highly flammable - note wide explosive range. May form explosive peroxides in storage. The CAS Registry Number is 123-91-1.
1,4-Dioxane is used mainly as a stabilizer for the solvent trichloroethane. It is an occasionally used solvent for a variety of practical applications as well as in the laboratory. It is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, resins, oils, waxes, some dyes, and other organic and inorganic compounds.
1,4-Dioxane(CAS NO:123-91-1) ether is rather insoluble in water, whereas dioxane is miscible and in fact is hygroscopic. At standard pressure, the mixture of water and dioxane in the ratio 17.9:82.1 by mass is a positive azeotrope that boils at 87.6 C. 1,4-Dioxane is a versatile aprotic solvent. The oxygen atom is Lewis basic, so it is able to solvate many inorganic compounds. Because of its lower toxicity, it is substituted for tetrahydrofuran (THF) in some processes.
However, it has a higher boiling point (101 C versus 66 C for THF), which is important when reactions are to be conducted at a higher temperature.The oxygen centres are Lewis basic and so dioxane serves as a chelating diether ligand. It reacts with Grignard reagents to precipitate the magnesium dihalide.
1,4-dioxane is generated through a process called ethoxylation, in which ethylene oxide, a known breast carcinogen, is added to other chemicals to make them less harsh. This process creates 1,4-dioxane. For example, sodium laurel sulfate, a chemical that is harsh on the skin, is often converted to the less-harsh chemical sodium laureth sulfate.
The conversion process can lead to contamination of this ingredient with 1,4-Dioxane. Other common ingredients that may be contaminated by 1,4-Dioxane include PEG compounds and chemicals that include the clauses "xynol," "ceteareth" and "oleth". Most commonly, 1,4-Dioxane is found in products that create suds, like shampoo, liquid soap and bubble bath.
Environmental Working Group’s analysis suggests that 97 percent of hair relaxers, 57 percent of baby soaps and 22 percent of all products in Skin Deep may be contaminated with 1,4-Dioxane. Independent lab tests co-released by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics in 2007 showed that popular brands of children’s bubble bath and body wash contained 1,4-Dioxane.
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